S500 Steel is a structural grade steel that belongs to the category of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels. It is primarily characterized by its excellent mechanical properties, which make it suitable for various engineering applications, particularly in construction and heavy machinery. The primary alloying elements in S500 steel include carbon (C), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), and small amounts of other elements such as phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S). These elements contribute to the steel's strength, ductility, and weldability.
Comprehensive Overview
S500 steel is classified as a high-strength structural steel, designed to provide superior performance in demanding applications. Its chemical composition typically includes a carbon content of around 0.10% to 0.20%, along with manganese levels ranging from 1.0% to 1.5%. This combination results in a material that exhibits high yield strength, typically around 500 MPa (72 ksi), making it ideal for load-bearing structures.
The most significant characteristics of S500 steel include its high tensile strength, excellent weldability, and good toughness at low temperatures. These properties are essential for structural applications where safety and reliability are paramount.
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Advantages and Limitations
| Advantages (Pros) | Limitations (Cons) |
|---|---|
| High strength-to-weight ratio | Higher cost compared to mild steel |
| Excellent weldability | Limited corrosion resistance without coatings |
| Good toughness at low temperatures | Requires careful heat treatment for optimal properties |
| Versatile for various applications | May require preheating for certain welding processes |
S500 steel holds a strong position in the market, particularly in Europe, where it is commonly used in construction, bridges, and heavy machinery. Its historical significance lies in the evolution of structural steels that meet modern engineering demands for strength and durability.
Key Properties
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Chemical Composition
| Element (Symbol and Name) | Percentage Range (%) |
|---|---|
| C (Carbon) | 0.10 - 0.20 |
| Mn (Manganese) | 1.0 - 1.5 |
| Si (Silicon) | 0.15 - 0.40 |
| P (Phosphorus) | ≤ 0.025 |
| S (Sulfur) | ≤ 0.015 |
The primary alloying elements in S500 steel play crucial roles in determining its properties. Carbon enhances strength and hardness, while manganese improves toughness and hardenability. Silicon contributes to deoxidation during steelmaking and enhances strength. The low levels of phosphorus and sulfur help maintain ductility and toughness.
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Mechanical Properties
| Property | Condition/Temper | Typical Value/Range (Metric) | Typical Value/Range (Imperial) | Reference Standard for Test Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength (0.2% offset) | Quenched & Tempered | 500 - 600 MPa | 72 - 87 ksi | ASTM E8 |
| Tensile Strength | Quenched & Tempered | 600 - 700 MPa | 87 - 102 ksi | ASTM E8 |
| Elongation | Quenched & Tempered | 20 - 25% | 20 - 25% | ASTM E8 |
| Hardness (Brinell) | Quenched & Tempered | 180 - 220 HB | 180 - 220 HB | ASTM E10 |
| Impact Strength | -40°C | 27 J | 20 ft-lbf | ASTM E23 |
The combination of high yield and tensile strength makes S500 steel suitable for applications requiring significant load-bearing capabilities. Its elongation percentage indicates good ductility, allowing for deformation without fracture, which is critical in structural applications.
Typical Applications and End Uses
| Industry/Sector | Specific Application Example | Key Steel Properties Utilized in this Application | Reason for Selection (Brief) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Construction | High-rise buildings | High yield strength, excellent weldability | Structural integrity |
| Heavy Machinery | Cranes and lifts | Good toughness, high strength | Load-bearing capabilities |
| Automotive | Chassis components | Lightweight, high strength | Fuel efficiency |
| Infrastructure | Bridges | Durability, resistance to fatigue | Long service life |
Other applications include:
- Structural beams and columns
- Offshore structures
- Industrial equipment
S500 steel is chosen for these applications due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent mechanical properties, which are critical for safety and performance.
When selecting S500 steel, considerations include cost-effectiveness, availability, and specific application requirements. Its balance of strength, weldability, and toughness makes it a preferred choice for structural applications, while its limitations in corrosion resistance necessitate protective measures in certain environments. Understanding these factors is crucial for engineers and designers to ensure optimal performance and safety in their projects.
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| Other steel plate | ||||
| Name | Material | Specification (mm) | Tons | Remark |
| Low Alloy | Q345A, Q345B, Q345C, Q345D, Q345E, Q390, Q420, Q460C, ST52-3, S355J2+N, SS400, SA302GrC, S275NL, 35CrMo | 6 - 350 | 5788.56 | Normalizing, tempered ,controlled rolling, hot rolling , Hot rolling,1st inspection, 2nd inspection, 3rd inspection |
| Pressure Vessel Plate | Q245R, Q345R, Q370R, 16MnDR, 09MnNiDR, 15CrMoR, 14Cr1MoR, 12Cr2Mo1R, SA516Gr60, SA516Gr70, SA516Gr485, SA285, SA387Gr11, SA387Gr12, SA387Gr22, P265,P295,P355GH,Q245R(R-HIC),Q345R(R-HIC) | 3 - 300 | 8650 | Normalizing, tempered ,controlled rolling, hot rolling , Hot rolling,1st inspection, 2nd inspection, 3rd inspection |
| High-Strength Plate | WH785D/E,Q960D/E, Q890D/E,WH60D/E,WH70B,Q550D,Q590D,Q690D/E | 8 - 120 | 3086.352 | Quenched and tempered |
| Wear-Resistant Plate | NM360, NM400, NM450, NM500 | 6 - 150 | 3866.297 | Quenched and tempered |
| Bridge Plate | Q235qC, Q345qC, Q370qC, Q420qC, Q345qDNH, Q370qDNH, A709 - 50F - 2, A709 - 50T - 2 | 8 - 200 | 2853.621 | Hot rolling, normalized ,hot rolling controlled rolling, quenched and tempered + toughness and brittleness |
